| Syllabus [Word origin: 1650–60; A neo-Latin neologism, syllabus, syllabos is probably a misreading (in manuscripts of Cicero) of Greek síttybās, accusative plural of síttyba = a label for a papyrus roll ]Ancient Rome in the Movies (History 303) Ten
two to three hour
sessions (depending on length of films)
Tuesdays, March 6 through May 8, each class starting at 12 noon. Classes will be held at George Mason University, 3401 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA Click image or this line to enlarge the
imageSome film makers got ancient Rome right. Some got it wrong. Some didn't get it at all. Many films about Rome tell us more about the biases of the times in which they were made than about the times they claim to depict. Some are "message" films, and some just carry forward the message of the books on which they were based. There is nothing in the historical account of Spartacus, for example, that would lead us to accept the "Christian" message of the Spartacus film epic or of the Howard Fast novel on which it is based (nor, for that matter, is there any proletarian internationalism that could explain the former Soviet fascination with "Spartakiad". Recent big budget films, made for theaters, tend to get the background right, but they badly garble their historical story lines. Lower budget theater films don't even try for background accuracy much less for historical fact -- "Sword of the Arena", a girl gladiator flick, comes to mind (although there were some documented female gladiators). Televison productions vary greatly in authenticity: the History Channel, just one example, will buy and broadcast almost any show that claims to be "historical", so some History Channel content is completely bogus. Also, television time is usually sold in small chunks, so instead of getting an "in depth" 145 minute theater version of Rome, we may only get the 60 minute television version -- minus, of course, about 13 minutes for "messages from our sponsors." The recent and ongoing Italian-made "Rome" series falls into its own category: it's an in depth fictional soft porn soap opera and has almost no accurate historical content. (That doesn't mean it's not fun to watch, but we won't, so watch it on your own time.) There are, of course some good films on ancient Rome, and some of them have unusual formats. "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum", our first film, based on plays by ancient Rome's best comedic playwright, fully captures the irreverance for status and authority of the ancient Roman stage. Other films will follow. Popcorn not provided. A few rambling random introductory notes for the course are available at http://www.mmdtkw.org/ARMovIntroRamble.html Textbooks: No textbook will be needed for this course. The usual handouts will be provided for each unit. But if you really think you must have a book, try one of these: Big
Screen Rome, by Monica Silveira Cyrino or
Imperial Projections: Ancient Rome in Modern Popular Culture, by Sandra B. Joshel et al. or Projecting the Past: Ancient Rome, Cinema, and History, by Maria Wyke The following
contain links to pages that are
available on the Internet.
Please note that links on the Internet are notoriously volatile. I can not predict or prevent "broken links" due to changes in other folks' Internet sites. If you don't find what the link calls for, you can always search using Google or some othe search engine. |
|
| Ancient Rome in the
Movies -- The Films: |
Note
that some of the links below are from Wikipedia, "the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit". Like much other information on the Internet, what appears in Wikipedia should be taken cum grano salis. ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
1.
A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1966) Click for
larger imageMarch 6 97 Minutes |
A movie based on a broadway musical, which
was based on three plays that Plautus (ca. 200 bc) may have copied from
the Greek stage. The broad comedy of Zero Mostel made the movie
and the Broadway musical a success, and he was alsothe force behind
bringing other previously blacklisted actors and staff into the
production. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_ the_Forum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plautus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel |
2.
Scipio Africanus -- The Defeat of Hannibal (1937) Click for
larger imageMarch 13 93 Minutes |
Made by Mussolini's son
in 1937, the year of the Italian Trans-Libyan Highway
and Italy's invasion of Ethiopia, this film won the Venice Film Festival
prize for that year. It's clearly a propaganda piece glorifying
Italian imperialism,
but it is, nonetheless, surprisingly accurate. It's climax is the Battle
of Zama (in modern Tunisia) in 202 BC, which ended the Second Punic
War between Rome and Carthage. http://www.ihffilm.com/scipafdefofh.html http://www.roman-empire.net/army/zama.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Mussolini |
3.
Spartacus (1960) Click for
larger imageMarch 20 198 Minutes |
A
very ficticious story of Rome's Third Servile War (73 - 70 BC), this is
the
movie that really broke the Hollywood blacklist. Kirk Douglas,
producer as well
as star of the epic, brought in the blacklisted screen-writer Dalton
Trumbo and insisted that
he be credited with the authorship of the screenplay.
Trumbo drew
his story from Howard Fast's 1951 novel and, like fast, portrayed
Spartacus as a popular revolutionary.
Many scholars disagree saying that Spartacus was just a wily escapee
with no grand revolutionary agenda. It's impossible to say who
was
right:
the historical evidence is extremely sketchy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartacus http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/spartacus.html http://www.historyinfilm.com/spart/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Fast http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton_Trumbo |
4.
Julius Caesar (1953) Click for
larger imageMarch 27 121 Minutes |
Julius
Caesar
is the name of the production, but he dies early on. Shakespeare's
story is really about Marc Antony's destruction of the liberatori who had
assassinated Caesar. This
film is recognized as one of Brando's greatest performances, and it is
acclaimed by Shakespeare specialists as well as by the Hollywood
crowd. Time
period covered is 44 and 43 BC. http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/juliuscaesar/ http://www-tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/julius_caesar/index.html part of http://www-tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(1953_film) http://movies2.nytimes.com/mem/movies/review.html?_r=3&title1=Julius %20Caesar&title2=&reviewer=BOSLEY%20CROWTHER http://dir.yahoo.com/Arts/Humanities/History/By_Time_Period/Ancient_ History/Roman/People/Caesar__Gaius_Julius__100_44_BCE_/ |
5.
Antony and Cleopatra (1974) Click for
larger imageApril 3 161 Minutes |
Not
Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton. It is an ITV television
production of Trevor
Nunn's
stage version performed by London's Royal Shakespeare Company, which
was shown in the United
States
to great acclaim in 1975.
Most
critics agree that
it's the best mass media A and C ever produced. The time period is from
41 BC through 29 BC, but the action is much compressed by Shakespeare. http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/antony/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra http://www-tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/cleopatra/ |
6.
Augustus (2003) Click for
larger imageApril 10 178 Minutes |
"....equal
parts history lesson
and soap
opera,
and thoroughly engaging at all levels". Peter
O'toole is Augustus on his death bed and remembering/retelling his
life. The film is surprisingly
accurate, and also, surprisingly, the multiple flashback (and
even flashbacks within flashbacks) form holds the film together.
The only really jarring note is the
gratuitous inclusion of Jesus in the last words of the film, supposedly
spoken by
the (ghost of?) Augustus in what appears to be a parody of his Res
Gestae
Divi Augusti (= Deeds of the Divine Augustus). The movie covers
the
life of Augustus from 45 BC until his death in 14 AD. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium:_Augustus http://www.roman-emperors.org/auggie.htm http://www.virgil.org/augustus/ http://classics.mit.edu/Augustus/deeds.html |
7.
Caligula (1979, reworked several times, ours is essentially the R rated
1981 version.) Click for
larger imageApril 17 101 Minutes |
This
is an attempt to return to the Gore Vidal Caligula screenplay.
Penthouse Magazine operatives had inserted almost an hour of gratuitous
explicit
sex and gore, which was removed for this "R"
rated (cleaned up) version of the notorious Penthouse production.
Caligula was undoubtedly evil and perhaps insane, but most of what we
"know" about him was written by"historians" in the pay of his enemies
after his assassination,
and most of that is suspiciously similar to what had been written about
previous
tyrants in the ancient world. The action takes place between 31
AD, when
Caligula was summoned to the Villa of Tiberius in Capri, and Caligula's
death in
41 AD. http://www.roman-emperors.org/gaius.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula_%28film%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caligula |
| 8.
Satyricon (1969) April 24 129 Minutes |
Satyricon (Fellini
Satyricon) is a 1969 film by Federico Fellini that is loosely based on the Petronius novel Satyricon, a series of bawdy and satirical episodes
written during the reign of the emperor Nero
and set in imperial Rome. Many literature "experts" call the
Petronius work the
world's first novel. The original text survives only in large
fragments, and instead of trying to connect the
fragments which survived, Fellini presented the material in a
series of somewhat disjointed and dislocated scenes. Petronius,
usually identified with Petronius Arbiter, is thought to have been
Nero's "master of the
revels". The date of the "events" in the Satyricon is unclear,
but the work most
likely dates from Nero's reign 54 - 68 AD http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyricon_%28film%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyricon http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronius http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Fellini |
9.
Gladiator (2000) Click for
larger imageMay 1 155 Minutes |
A
fiction set in the reign of Commodus, the film, nonetheless, is very
good on Roman architecture, costume, life style, and general ambiance
--
good enough for the film to become a staple of university ancient
history and archeology
courses. The history of Commodus, like that of
Caligula 120 years before him, was written by historians in the pay of
his
erstwhile enemies. Commodus was named Caesar by
his father, Marcus Aurelius,
at age 5 in 166 AD and was made co-Augustus , in 178 AD. He
reigned alone from his father's death in 180 AD until 192 when he
was assassinated --
he was not killed in the arena as shown in the movie. http://www.mmdtkw.org/VCommodus.html http://abacus.bates.edu/~mimber/Rciv/gladiator.htm http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/arena.html http://www.exovedate.com/the_real_gladiator_one.html http://ablemedia.com/ctcweb/consortium/gladiators.html |
10.
Titus (1999) Click for
larger imageMay 8 162 Minutes |
Titus
Andronicus, one of Shakespeare's earliest plays, is certainly his most
violent. It was written, before
Shakespeare found his own more mellow style, for
an Elizabethan audience already
inured to violent "revenge plays" modeled after the nine Senecan
tragedies.
Our movie is Julie Taymor's production, in which she fearlessly shows
all of Shakespeare's violence. It is set in the period of
"military anarchy" beginning with Maximus
Thrax and ending with the formation of the Tetrarchy by Diocletian (235
- 285
AD) during the reign of a fictional Emperor Saturninus.
Shakespeare's
and Taymor's bloody story accurately reflects the violence of that
time. Something to consider: Who commits the first violent
act that provokes
revenge? Taymor had staged Titus in New york in 1995 before her Lion
King success and returned to it for her first movie. http://www.geocities.com/hopkinsfanatic/titusnyt.htm http://www.culturekiosque.com/nouveau/cinema/rhevideo2.html http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3768/is_200401/ai_n9394382 http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3768/is_200201/ai_n9057295 http://www-tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/titus/index.html http://www.answers.com/topic/senecan-tragedy |