VIII. ALRItkwRom101Decline.html
The Long Decline/Collapse
Cast of Characters Gibbon dates "decline" of Rome from CommodusCivil War following CommodusMost modern historians agree, but that ignores the sorry state before the "Five Good Emperors"
And the last "good" Emperor, Marcus Aurelius, was a military spendthrift.Commodus was extremely popular but made enemies in political-militarist circles
Was he philosopher or "air-head"?He clearly was nuts, but only if you believe what his enemies later wrote
Still part of Populares/Optimati struggle.
Assassination of Commodus was final victory for Optimati
Perinax -- whose claim to fame is Elvis http://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/CLASS_378/Commodus.html Short term Severan Dynasty -- http://www.mmdtkw.org/VPertinax.html After Severans, "Military Anarchy" about as stable as the Julio-Claudians after Augustus
and only lasted fifty years, like Julio-Claudians after Augustus
http://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/CLASS_378/Alexander.htmlShort Notes on the period http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_chaosemp_table.htm "Decline and Fall" http://www.people.ukans.edu/~prehak/RomeNotes/10_Severans.html
http://www.people.ukans.edu/~prehak/RomeNotes/11_ThirdCTetrs.html
http://www.people.ukans.edu/~prehak/RomeNotes/12_MaxConst.html"Decline" Pertinax to Constantinehttp://www.roman-emperors.org/impindex.htm "Imperial Index" -- scroll down for biographies
http://www.ccel.org/g/gibbon/decline/home.html
http://www.roman-empire.net/decline/decline.html
http://www.acs.ohio-state.edu/history/isthmia/teg/Hist111H/issues/rome1.html
http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_endempire_index.htm
http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/romefallarticles/a/fallofrome.htm
http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/fallrome.html
http://www.roman-empire.net/decline/decl-gallery.html Severan Portrait Gallery
http://www.roman-empire.net/decline/decline.htmlDanubian Emperors /Aurelian's revivalhttp://www.roman-empire.net/collapse/collapse-index.html "Collapse" Post constantineDiocletianhttp://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/CLASS_379/Claudius.htmlPost Diocletian Civil Warhttp://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/CLASS_379/Diocletian.1.html
http://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/CLASS_379/Diocletian.2.html
http://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/CLASS_379/Diocletian.3.htmlConstantinehttp://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/CLASS_379/Civil.War.html
http://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/CLASS_379/Civil.War.2.htmlBarbarians Triumphhttp://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/CLASS_379/Constantine.html
http://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/CLASS_379/Constantine.1.html
http://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/CLASS_379/Constantine.2.html
http://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/CLASS_379/Constantine.3.html
http://www.mmdtkw.org/VConstantSunDogs.html Constantine's vision "explained" - tkw
http://www.mmdtkw.org/VMilvianBridge.html Milvian Bridge events - tkw
http://www.mmdtkw.org/VHelen.html Constantine's mom, Helena - tkw http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05118a.htm "Donation of Constantine"
http://gbgm-umc.org/umw/bible/milan.stm Edict of MilanSirente Meteorhttp://www.mmdtkw.org/VAlaric.html Alaric and Visigoths - tkw
http://www.mmdtkw.org/VGallaPlacida.html Galla Placida, hyper-connected woman -tkw
http://www.mmdtkw.org/VAttila.html Attila - tkw
http://www.mmdtkw.org/VRomulusAug.html - Last Western Emperor - tkw
http://www.roman-empire.net/decline/Krakatoa-535AD.html Krakatoa influence
http://www.comunedisecinaro.it/sirente_crater.htm
http://spaceguard.rm.iasf.cnr.it/tumblingstone/issues/num18/eng/sirente.htm
Monuments and remains Arch of Semptimius Severus Arch of the Argentari -- a "Middle Class" monument
http://www2.siba.fi/~kkoskim/rooma/pages/FSEPTIMI.HTM
http://sights.seindal.dk/sight/161_Arch_of_Septimius_Severus.html
http://www.ukans.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/.Texts/PLATOP*/Arcus_Septimii_Severi.html
http://www.ukans.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/Forum_Romanum/.Texts/Huelsen*/2/10.htmlBaths of Caracalla
http://www.ku.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/churches/S.Giorgio_in_Velabro/exterior/Arcus_Argentariorum/inscription.html
http://www.ukans.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/.Texts/PLATOP*/Arcus_Argentariorum.htmlAmphitheatre Castrense -- A "Private" imperial amphitheater
http://www.cavazzi.com/roman-empire/tours/rome/baths-caracalla.html
http://www.inforoma.it/terme.htm
http://sights.seindal.dk/sight/987_Baths_of_Caracalla.html
http://itsa.ucsf.edu/~snlrc/encyclopaedia_romana/romanurbs/bathscaracalla.html
http://wings.buffalo.edu/AandL/Maecenas/rome/baths_caracalla/thumbnails_contents.html
http://web.tiscali.it/no-redirect-tiscali/romaonlineguide/Pages/eng/rantica/sAWy2.htm
http://www.ku.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/.Texts/PLATOP*/Thermae_Antoninianae.htmlAurelian Walls -- Going on the Defense wit Rome's biggest ever structure
http://www.ku.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/walls/Aurelian/Amphitheatrum_Castrense/home.html
http://www.ukans.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/.Texts/PLATOP*/Amphitheatrum_Castrense.html
http://www.mmdtkw.org/VCastrense.htmlBaths of Diocletian/Santa Maria degli Angeli/Piazza di Termini --Rome's last Baths
http://www.geocities.com/mp_pollett/walls.htm#hist
http://rubens.anu.edu.au/htdocs/bycountry/italy/rome/popolo/midjpg/alphabetical/00063.html
http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/romanwall/aurelian.html
http://www.initaly.com/regions/classic/walls.htm
http://www.mmdtkw.org/VWalls.html tkw
http://www.ukans.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/.Texts/PLATOP*/portae.html City Gates
http://www.ukans.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/.Texts/PLATOP*/Pomerium.html Pomerium in Platner's Topo Dictionary
http://www.ukans.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Pomoerium.html Pomerium in Smith's dictionaryBasilica of Maxentius/Constantine -- Rome's last civil basilica
http://www.mmdtkw.org/VPiazzaTermini.html Timeline of the baths and succeeding developments - tkw
http://www.italycyberguide.com/Geography/cities/rome2000/F13a.htm
http://www.cavazzi.com/roman-empire/tours/rome/baths-diocletian.html
http://www2.siba.fi/~kkoskim/rooma/pages/TDIOCLET.HTM
http://www.ku.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/.Texts/PLATOP*/Thermae_Diocletiani.html
http://www.santamariadegliangeliroma.it/photo_gallery.htm Many more pictures - Italian language siteColossal statue of Constantine -- From his Basilica
http://www.mmdtkw.org/VBasCons.html tkw
http://www.people.ukans.edu/~prehak/RomeNotes/12_MaxConst.html
http://www.italycyberguide.com/Geography/cities/rome2000/K22.htm
http://itsa.ucsf.edu/~snlrc/encyclopaedia_romana/romanforum/basilica.html
http://sights.seindal.dk/sight/177_Basilica_of_Constantine.html
http://www.ku.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/.Texts/PLATOP*/Basilica_Constantini.htmlArch of Constantine
http://sights.seindal.dk/sight/921_Colossal_Statue_of_Constantine_I.html
http://itsa.ucsf.edu/~snlrc/encyclopaedia_romana/miscellanea/museums/constantine.html
http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/romanconstantine/constantine.html
http://www.legionxxiv.org/constansgallery/ also includes images of his other colossal statueMilvian Bridge
http://rubens.anu.edu.au/htdocs/bycountry/italy/rome/popolo/midjpg/alphabetical/00054.html
http://clawww.lmu.edu/faculty/fjust/Rome-ArchConst.htm
http://www.ku.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/Arch_of_Constantine/home.html
http://harpy.uccs.edu/roman/html/archconslides.html
http://roma.desdeinter.net/romacons.html
http://sights.seindal.dk/sight/299_Arch_of_Constantine.html
http://www.ukans.edu/history/index/europe/ancient_rome/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/.Texts/PLATOP*/Arcus_Constantini.html
http://clawww.lmu.edu/~fjust/Rome-ArchConst.htm
http://sights.seindal.dk/sight/299_Arch_of_Constantine.htmlhttp://sights.seindal.dk/sight/299_Arch_of_Constantine-5.html
http://www.chch.school.nz/mbc/constant.htm
http://www2.siba.fi/~kkoskim/rooma/pages/ARCCONST.HTM
http://www.mmdtkw.org/VMilvianBridge.html tkw
http://clawww.lmu.edu/faculty/fjust/Rome-Tiber.htm Rome Bridge Pix
http://www.romeartlover.it/Vasi84.htm